Analysis of the Efficiency of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle (HFCV) Applications in Manufacturing Processes Using Computer Simulation

Implementing innovative solutions in the internal transport of manufacturing enterprises is becoming an important element of improving operational efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This article assesses the potential of hydrogen fuel cell (HFCV) forklifts in a steel products manufacturing plant. The verification was carried out using a computer simulation, which enabled the comparison of electric, combustion, and HFCV fleets under identical logistical conditions. The results showed that the HFCV fleet allowed for shorter process execution times and higher utilization compared to electric and combustion variants, mainly due to the elimination of charging and refueling interruptions. Additionally, when powered by green hydrogen, the HFCV fleet offered clear environmental benefits and lower operating costs. The study confirms that HFCV technology can improve the efficiency of internal transport and reduce energy-related operating expenses, although the costs of hydrogen refueling infrastructure were not included and should be addressed in future research.