A case report: corneal melting after patch graft in a rheumatoid arthritis patient taking Upadacitinib: paradoxical manifestation or uncontrolled disease activity?

Paradoxical ocular inflammation has been documented in several case reports and series following a switch to other targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) or biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs). This case suggests that PUK may occur either as a potential adverse effect of UPA or due to uncontrolled disease activity. These findings emphasize the urgent need to focus on the UPA-associated ocular adverse events.