Comprehensive assessment of emergency medication preparedness in dental settings in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Emergency preparedness in dental settings is crucial for ensuring patient safety and minimizing adverse outcomes during unexpected medical crises. Although dental procedures are generally safe, they can occasionally lead to emergencies due to factors like patient anxiety, pre-existing health conditions, or drug reactions. Preparedness with essential emergency medications and protocols enables dental professionals to manage these situations effectively, stabilize patients, and prevent complications. This study aimed to assess the preparedness of dental clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in managing medical emergencies with appropriate medications. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire from 250 dental settings, with a pilot study conducted on a 5% sample to ensure question clarity and relevance. Most clinics reported having essential emergency medications, with adrenaline and aspirin being readily available. However, critical drugs like nitroglycerin, salbutamol, and antihistamines were less commonly stocked. Many clinics lacked regular restocking protocols and expiration checks, risking the use of outdated medications. Additionally, medications were often improperly organized, hindering quick access during emergencies. Limited training in emergency management and the absence of regular drills further compromised staff preparedness. The study identified significant gaps in emergency medication readiness among dental clinics. To enhance emergency response, standardized protocols, regular restocking, and comprehensive training for staff are essential. Addressing these deficiencies will significantly improve the ability of dental clinics to handle medical emergencies effectively.