Recent developments in the modification and fabrication of jute fibre-reinforced composites for structural applications

Jute, one of the longest natural bast fibers, has gained significant attention in composite applications due to its potential as a primary reinforcing material capable of bearing structural loads. Its utilization in semi-structural to structural applications is largely influenced by several factors, including the type of jute fiber, its architecture, chemical composition, fiber placement techniques, composite fabrication methods, and the selection of matrix materials. This review explores recent advancements in jute fiber-reinforced composites (JFRCs), with a particular focus on fiber preparation methods, physical and chemical modification techniques, and hybridization strategies with other fibers. A systematic analysis of the literature reveals that the mechanical performance of JFRCs is strongly dependent on the fiber placement technique, while the interfacial bonding with the matrix is significantly improved by removing natural impurities via chemical modification. An optimized combination of advanced fiber placement and targeted chemical treatments leads to improved fiber packing density and enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. Such enhancements have seen jute compete with glass fiber in suitable applications across other high-performance uses with feasibility. The review also highlights the expanding scope of jute fiber composites in various sectors such as automotive, construction, packaging, and furniture industries.