Research on the Impact of Different Photovoltaic Fishery Models on Climate and Water Environment in Aquaculture

To study the impact of photovoltaic facilities on the climate of aquaculture areas within the new aquaculture model (photovoltaic fishery mode, PFM), meteorological monitoring instruments were used to measure light intensity, temperature, humidity, and water environment in the PFM aquaculture areas of Dongying City and Taishan City. The experimental results showed that photovoltaic facilities (PFs) significantly affected lighting, causing a substantial decrease in light intensity above the ponds, with an annual average reduction ranging from 24.15% to 67.75%, compared to the traditional pond mode (TPM). The impact of flexible PF on lighting was less pronounced than that of fixed photovoltaic facilities, with decreases of only 24.15% and 65.06%, respectively, compared to TPM. PF influenced temperature within a small range, particularly in the Dongying City aquaculture area, where the temperature difference reached 1.48 °C. The effect of flexible PF on temperature, with a decrease of only 0.071%, was much smaller than that of fixed PF, which showed a decrease of 3.28% compared to TPM. In both Dongying City and Taishan City aquaculture areas, PF reduced environmental humidity by 4.71% to 9.62% compared to TPM. In Dongying City, the water temperature under the PFM-fixed system was 0.39 to 3.78 °C lower than that of TPM. The annual biomass variation patterns of zooplankton and phytoplankton in Dongying City and Taishan City were opposite. This study provides data to support further research on the relationship between PFM and aquaculture.