Synthetic Hydrograph Estimation for Ungauged Basins: Exploring the Role of Statistical Distributions

The use of probability distribution functions in deriving synthetic hydrographs has become a robust method for modeling the response of watersheds to precipitation events. This approach leverages statistical distributions to capture the temporal structure of runoff processes, providing a flexible framework for estimating peak discharge, time to peak, and hydrograph shape. The present study explores the application of various probability distributions in constructing synthetic hydrographs. The research evaluates parameter estimation techniques, analyzing their influence on hydrograph accuracy. The results highlight the strengths and limitations of each distribution in capturing key hydrological characteristics, offering insights into the suitability of certain probability distribution functions under varying watershed conditions. The study concludes that the approach based on the Cadariu rational function enhances the adaptability and precision of synthetic hydrograph models, thereby supporting flood forecasting and watershed management.