A Research Note on Three Criteria for Truth–Revelation, Reason, Empirical Evidence–and Their Statistical Association with Conspiratorial, Scapegoating, and Misinformed Beliefs

In a correlational analysis of 3718 survey-taker's data, belief in a January 6 th FBI conspiracy and belief in scapegoating immigrants for crime were most highly correlated with 1 of 9 demographics: Religious Truth. In addition, belief in the misinformed attribution of autism to vaccines was most highly correlated with 2 demographics: Religious Truth and Education. In a follow-up analysis of Religious Truth, agreement with the conspiratorial belief was affirmed by 38% of those endorsing Revelation as their criterion for truth, 23% of those endorsing Reason as their criterion, and 9% of those endorsing Empirical Evidence as their criterion. Agreement with the scapegoating belief was affirmed by 80% of the people endorsing Revelation, 64% of those endorsing Reason, and 36% of those endorsing Evidence. Agreement with the misinformed belief was affirmed by 27% of the people endorsing Revelation, 15% of those endorsing Reason, and 7% of those endorsing Evidence.

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Publication Details

Journal
Imagination Cognition and Personality
Published
2025-10-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366251387626
Primary Topic
Misinformation and Its Impacts
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

A Research Note on Three Criteria for Truth–Revelation, Reason, Empirical Evidence–and Their Statistical Association with Conspiratorial, Scapegoating, and Misinformed Beliefs

Robert G. Kunzendorf
Imagination Cognition and Personality
Misinformation and Its Impacts
article

A Research Note on Three Criteria for Truth–Revelation, Reason, Empirical Evidence–and Their Statistical Association with Conspiratorial, Scapegoating, and Misinformed Beliefs

Robert G. Kunzendorf
article en

Abstract

In a correlational analysis of 3718 survey-taker's data, belief in a January 6 th FBI conspiracy and belief in scapegoating immigrants for crime were most highly correlated with 1 of 9 demographics: Religious Truth. In addition, belief in the misinformed attribution of autism to vaccines was most highly correlated with 2 demographics: Religious Truth and Education. In a follow-up analysis of Religious Truth, agreement with the conspiratorial belief was affirmed by 38% of those endorsing Revelation as their criterion for truth, 23% of those endorsing Reason as their criterion, and 9% of those endorsing Empirical Evidence as their criterion. Agreement with the scapegoating belief was affirmed by 80% of the people endorsing Revelation, 64% of those endorsing Reason, and 36% of those endorsing Evidence. Agreement with the misinformed belief was affirmed by 27% of the people endorsing Revelation, 15% of those endorsing Reason, and 7% of those endorsing Evidence.

Imagination Cognition and Personality
Openalex Percentile: Top 61%
Misinformation and Its Impacts
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