Electrically controlled interlayer trion fluid in electron-hole bilayers

The combination of repulsive and attractive Coulomb interactions in a quantum electron-hole (e-h) fluid can produce correlated phases of multiparticle charge complexes, such as excitons, trions, and biexcitons. We report an experimental realization of an electrically controlled interlayer trion fluid in van der Waals heterostructures. In strongly coupled e-h bilayers, electrons and holes spontaneously form three-particle trion bound states. The interlayer trions can assume 1e-2h and 2e-1h configurations. We show that the two holes in 1e-2h trions form a spin-singlet with a spin gap of approximately one milli-electron volt. By electrostatic gating, the equilibrium state can be continuously tuned into an exciton fluid, a trion fluid, an exciton-trion mixture, or a trion-charge mixture. Our work demonstrates a platform to study correlated phases of tunable Bose-Fermi mixtures.

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Publication Details

Journal
Science
Published
2025-10-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn4584
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Strong Light-Matter Interactions
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.49
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Electrically controlled interlayer trion fluid in electron-hole bilayers

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2 citations
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Strong Light-Matter Interactions
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Electrically controlled interlayer trion fluid in electron-hole bilayers

Qize Li, Alex K. Zettl, Sefaattin Tongay, Ruishi Qi, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, David D. Dai, Jingxu Xie, Andrew Y. Joe, Yunbo Ou, Su-Di Chen, Feng Wang, Zuocheng Zhang, Liang Fu, Zhiyuan Cui
article en
2 citations

Abstract

The combination of repulsive and attractive Coulomb interactions in a quantum electron-hole (e-h) fluid can produce correlated phases of multiparticle charge complexes, such as excitons, trions, and biexcitons. We report an experimental realization of an electrically controlled interlayer trion fluid in van der Waals heterostructures. In strongly coupled e-h bilayers, electrons and holes spontaneously form three-particle trion bound states. The interlayer trions can assume 1e-2h and 2e-1h configurations. We show that the two holes in 1e-2h trions form a spin-singlet with a spin gap of approximately one milli-electron volt. By electrostatic gating, the equilibrium state can be continuously tuned into an exciton fluid, a trion fluid, an exciton-trion mixture, or a trion-charge mixture. Our work demonstrates a platform to study correlated phases of tunable Bose-Fermi mixtures.

ScienceVol. 390(6770)
University of California, Riverside (US), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), National Institute for Materials Science (JP), Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute (US), Arizona State University (US), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), University of California, Berkeley (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Strong Light-Matter Interactions
2.49
DOISourceOpenAlex
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