Multi-criteria assessment of optimization methods for controlling renewable energy sources in distribution systems

Numerous optimization techniques have recently been employed in the literature to enhance various electric power systems. Optimization algorithms help system operators determine the optimal location and capacity of any renewable energy source (RES) connected to a system, enabling them to achieve a specific goal and improve its performance. This study presents a novel statistical evaluation of 20 famous metaheuristic optimization techniques based on 10 performance measures. The performance measures comprise five power loss indices, three voltage profile indices, load flow calling frequency, and execution time. The evaluation involves 10 distribution systems of varying sizes to ensure an equitable comparison of the algorithm. The Friedman Ranking method evaluates algorithms based on performance metrics, yielding a specific score. Upon modeling all distribution systems, a composite ranking methodology is employed to categorize the algorithms into only four categories: excellent, very good, good, and fair. The study finalizes the ranking of all algorithms according to their overall assessment. The AEO, GWO, JS, PSO, MVO, BO, and GNDO algorithms attain ranks below 25%, thereby placing them in the highest category. The ALO, DA, FPA, SSA, YAYA, and SPO algorithms fall into the second category, with rankings ranging from 25 to 50%. The SMA and CGO algorithms are classified in the third group, with rankings between 50 and 75%. The analysis ultimately reveals that the algorithms CStA, HHO, AOA, GOA, and AOS are positioned in the lowest group, each achieving rankings beyond 75%. As comparison case studies, the proposed algorithms achieved a power loss of 87.164 kW for the 33-bus system, which is less than or equal to the published work. The same result is achieved with the 69-bus system, which has a power loss of 71.644 kW for most of the studied algorithms. Using the appropriate algorithms with distribution systems saves time and effort for the system operator, enhances performance, and increases the usability of optimization algorithms.