Enhancing cargo security and transparency: a blockchain-based IoT solution

The demand for goods transported by Cargo has existed at all predominant times. A large number of shipments are moved daily based on the demand that exists both in the local and the global market. In the current scenario of cargo shipment, the state of freight is usually monitored throughout the shipment process. This is entirely based on the simple temperature-based regulated storage system called cold-chain. Unfortunately, this temperature-based system does not entirely ensure the preservation of cargo shipments. This paper presents the design of a blockchain-powered Decentralized Application (DApp) to monitor Cargo in heavy goods vehicles. It includes implementing the Ropsten test network, which is integrated with a centralized cloud platform. Moreover, details of a complete evaluation of the architecture in terms of its working functionality were added, and its effectiveness in terms of its performance efficiency and real-time operation. To overcome these limitations, alternative solutions, including adopting Layer-2 scaling solutions such as Polygon or transitioning to Proof of Stake (PoS)-based blockchains for faster and more cost-effective transactions, are recommended. Selective use of Blockchain, where only critical violations are recorded, mitigates the issue of high transaction costs. Routine sensor data is efficiently managed using Google Firestore, ensuring optimal cost efficiency. The system currently relies on Infura for blockchain node access, which introduces external dependencies and potential points of failure. To reduce these risks, the adoption of self-hosted Ethereum nodes is recommended for enhanced control and reliability.