Data-Driven Analysis of Contracting Process Impact on Schedule and Cost Performance in Road Infrastructure Projects in Colombia

This study examines cost and schedule deviations in secondary road infrastructure projects in Colombia, with a focus on the influence of public procurement characteristics. Despite the construction sector’s importance to national development, limited research has explored how procurement-related variables affect project performance. To address this gap, 149 completed road projects were analyzed using data from Colombia’s open procurement database, which provides publicly accessible, standardized information on contracting processes. A four-stage methodology was applied: data collection, exploratory analysis, bivariate analysis (including correlation and Kruskal–Wallis tests), and multivariate analysis using Random Forest and Bayesian networks. Schedule and cost deviations were used as dependent variables, with 17 independent variables. Results show that 81.9% of projects experienced some form of deviation, with a positive correlation between schedule and cost overruns. Significant factors were identified across different stages of the project life cycle. Variables significant for both deviations include the number of bidders, the number of valid bidders, the estimated cost, the final cost, the project intensity, and the type of award process. The findings provide data-driven arguments to improve award processes and support more informed planning of future projects, helping public entities reduce deviations and enhance the outcome of their infrastructure.