Exploring communication between pharmacists and infection control staff: a qualitative study in ministry of health hospitals, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Clear and effective communication between infection control staff and healthcare professionals is an essential component in supporting the development and consistent implementation of infection control protocols within hospital settings. This qualitative study examined communication between infection control workers and pharmacists at MOH hospitals through semi-structured interviews (n = 9, 30–45 min) and two FGDs (4–5 participants each). Purposive sampling ensured representation, with thematic saturation reached by the ninth participant—consistent with similar studies (6–12 participants). Qualitative methods captured nuanced dynamics, using interviews for individual insights and FGDs for group perspectives. Data were analyzed via Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis. Ethical approval (H-01-R-009) was obtained on May 28, 2019, with written consent from all participants. This study identified four key themes from 9 participants (6 male, 3 female) regarding antimicrobial stewardship communication challenges: (1) Patient Safety & Communication - emphasizing protocol adherence, interdisciplinary rounds, and preference for formal channels over WhatsApp; (2) Interdisciplinary Collaboration - where leadership engagement and face-to-face committees enhanced decision-making; (3) Healthcare Delivery Challenges - particularly staffing shortages, excessive workloads, and unclear medication protocols; and (4) Training & Development - revealing gaps in feedback systems, limited educational resources, and reactive crisis communication. Critical findings included the need for structured antibiotic monitoring, COO-level support for stewardship programs, resolution of role ambiguities, and implementation of proactive training initiatives to optimize infection control practices. Structured communication—through regular meetings, stewardship rounds, and clear antibiotic guidelines—significantly enhanced infection control outcomes by fostering collaboration between pharmacists and infection control teams. This approach improved adherence to protocols, optimized antibiotic use, and strengthened emergency preparedness, directly contributing to patient safety. However, persistent challenges like staffing shortages and training gaps must be addressed to maximize these benefits.