Identifying the Design Indicators of Sustainable Urban Parks: Applying to Urban Parks in Tehran and Tabriz, Iran

Sustainable urban parks (SUPs) are crucial for achieving sustainable urban communities. This research aimed to identify SUP design indicators through a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 31 experts. 17 key indicators were identified, encompassing the use of native plants, increasing vegetation, providing waste separation bins, involving the public in planning, considering local conditions, and incorporating local patterns. Less significant indicators included tree trunk protection for birds and open amphitheater design. Applying this framework to the case studies revealed a divergence in sustainability performance. The average number of indicators present in Tehran’s parks was 28 out of a total of 50, exceeding the defined sustainability benchmark. Conversely, the average for Tabriz’s parks was 24 out of 50, falling below the established threshold. This research helps address gaps in SUP design indicators and highlights the significance of involving specialists and city managers in planning and implementation to enhance sustainability.