Intraoperative navigation-based lumbar facet assessment for considering fusion in unilateral biportal endoscopic cyst excision

Intraoperative navigation allowed objective quantification of facet resection, guiding the selective use of fusion. Patients with >50% resection achieved solid fusion, while those with ≤50% remained stable without fusion. This navigation-guided, data-driven strategy personalizes surgical management, reduces overtreatment, and enhances biomechanical safety.