A collaborative framework for stability-aware expansion planning of offshore AC/DC microgrids with electrified maritime transport

Energy sharing initiative among offshore microgrids (OMGs) and electric vessel (EV) fleets is anticipated to pave a potential route to a more cost-effective and stable offshore power-transport system. To this end, this paper proposes a collaborative framework for stability-aware expansion planning of AC/DC OMGs and electrification of maritime passenger traffic (MPT). The OMG planning is structured as a three-stage planning model, which bolsters economic efficiency and stability by co-optimizing AC/DC retrofit investments, normal operation strategies, and transient responses under N-1 contingency conditions. MPT electrification model coordinates EV deployment and fossil-driven vessels retirement to seek optimal formula of hybrid fleets, which provides energy sharing and flexibility services for OMGs on the premise of meeting MPT demands. The two sub-models are further synthetized into a collaborative planning model of OMGs and hybrid vessel fleets through coordinating constraints. By embedding above planning model into the Shapley value approach, a decentralized collaborative framework based on multi-loop iterative procedure is proposed. With this, privacy security and decision-making independence are ensured while coalition behaviors of all entities are captured. Numerical studies verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach.