Rancang Bangun Smart Charger Akumulator Otomatis Berbasis IoT

This study aims to develop and examine the efficiency and reliability of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic charging system using NodeMCU ESP32. The system, called ChargIoT, is equipped with an INA219 sensor for current and voltage monitoring, and an LM35 sensor for temperature monitoring. Testing was carried out to evaluate the overall performance of the device, including input and output devices such as sensors, LCD, and buzzer. The results of the seven-day test showed variations in ambient temperature between the morning and evening tests, which affected the charging current and duration. In the morning test, the temperature ranged from 24°C to 27°C, with a stable voltage of approximately 12.0V to 12.3V, a current between 1.5A and 1.9A, and a charging duration of between 4.5 and 5.5 hours. In the afternoon, the temperature increased to 29°C to 32°C, with a similar voltage but a more variable current between 1.3A and 1.7A, and a longer charging duration of approximately 4.7 to 6.0 hours. To enhance system efficiency and reliability, active cooling methods—such as fan installation and the use of materials with high thermal conductivity—are recommended. Additionally, automatic temperature regulation by applying a PID algorithm, along with power consumption optimization via sleep mode on the NodeMCU ESP32, is advised. This test demonstrates that ChargIoT enables real-time monitoring and control of charging while ensuring safety through automatic power disconnection when temperature or current exceeds the predetermined threshold.