Determinants of job stress in early-career workers: An ecological model approach

Objectives: This study examined multi-level determinants of job stress among early-career workers using an ecological model and assessed moderating factors influencing stress levels. Methods: A quantitative survey was conducted with 494 workers aged 20 and older. Data were collected via an online questionnaire measuring ecological factors across five levels and job stress. Statistical analyses included correlation, multiple regression, and hierarchical regression. Results: Ecological factors significantly predicted job stress, with individual-level variables explaining the largest share of variance (68.9%, p < .001). Coping skills moderated the effect of satisfaction with the physical environment, while social support mitigated stress at the individual, microsystem, community, and national levels. Conclusion: Job stress among early-career workers arises from interplay of personal, organizational, and environmental factors. Effective interventions should target multiple ecological levels and incorporate coping skill development and social support systems.