The predictive value of family income to poverty ratio and diabetic retinopathy in adults aged 20 years and above in the United States: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 1999–2020
The results of this study indicate that an increase in PIR is correlated with a decrease in the likelihood of DR occurrence, suggesting its potential application value as an indicator for predicting the likelihood of DR occurrence. More screening and attention should be provided to low-income populations to reduce preventable social burdens.
Authors
- Liangqing Guo
- Yanzheng Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-9307)
- Roy Xiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-0746)
- Xin Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5585-073X)
- Xinyu Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7077-3314)
- Zhaoyang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2294-7790)
- Xiaochun Han (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8926-648X)
- Hongxing Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-0324)
- Lin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9263-5029)
- Yaohui Qu
- D. T. Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-211X)
Institutions
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital (CN)
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Shandong First Medical University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2025-10-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24136-7
- Primary Topic
- Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province