Causal Relationships Between Major Depressive Disorder and Coronary Artery Disease Across Diverse Populations: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Study

Our findings provide evidence for a causal relationship between depression and coronary artery disease in Europeans and suggest potential ancestry-specific variation in this relationship, with a novel inverse association between coronary artery disease and major depressive disorder observed in East Asians requiring further replication and validation. These results highlight how limited data availability in underrepresented populations constrains causal inference, underscoring the need for more inclusive genetic research to inform equitable, population-relevant public health strategies.