Thermal and mechanical properties enhancement of plaster composites incorporating natural fibers and aggregates for application in sustainable buildings

Composite materials incorporating ecological additives, such as fibers and aggregates, have gained significant interest due to their sustainable and eco-friendly characteristics. This study investigates the thermo-mechanical characteristics of plaster composites reinforced with Moroccan sisal fibers and cork aggregates. The research examines the effects of different fiber lengths (1–4 cm), fiber percentages (1%–10%), and NaOH treatment concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) on the thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the composites. Additionally, hybrid composites combining cork and sisal fibers are evaluated for their thermal and mechanical performance. The findings demonstrate that the used sisal fibers improve both thermal insulation and mechanical properties of the plaster composites, with optimal results achieved at the specific fiber content and length. While the inclusion of cork significantly enhances thermal insulation due to its low thermal conductivity. These results highlight the potential of sisal fibers and cork as sustainable reinforcement materials in construction, offering enhanced thermo-mechanical performance in building materials suitable plasterboard or paneling.