Research Advances in High-Risk Factors for Recurrence of Endometrial Polyps

Endometrial polyps, as common benign endometrial hyperplastic disorders in gynecology, present a significant clinical challenge. Although polypectomy under hysteroscopic visualization is the standard treatment, the high postoperative recurrence rate remains a major focus and difficulty in clinical management. Relevant research indicates that polyp recurrence stems not from a single factor, but involves complex and interrelated multifactorial synergistic mechanisms. Hormonal imbalances and dysregulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis directly or indirectly contribute to EP formation. Immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses may induce endometrial hyperplasia, while alterations in the local endometrial microenvironment are also closely associated with polyp development. Furthermore, components of metabolic syndrome have been confirmed as independent risk factors for EP recurrence. However, the relationships between these high-risk factors and the high recurrence rate of EPs, as well as their interactions, still require thorough validation and elucidation through large-scale, multicenter studies. This article systematically reviews the correlation between relevant clinical high-risk factors and EP recurrence, along with the latest research advances in their potential underlying mechanisms. It aims to establish a comprehensive and solid theoretical foundation for clinically precise prevention and early intervention against EP recurrence, ultimately aiming to effectively reduce the recurrence rate of endometrial polyps, optimize patient management strategies, improve prognosis, and enhance long-term quality of life. 子宫内膜息肉作为妇科常见的子宫内膜良性增生性疾病，尽管宫腔镜视野下子宫内膜息肉摘除术是该病的标准治疗手段，但其术后高复发率仍是临床诊疗的重点和难点。相关研究表明，息肉复发并非单一因素所致，而是涉及复杂且相关联的多因素协同作用机制。激素失衡、细胞增殖与凋亡失衡直接或间接促进子宫内膜息肉的形成。免疫失衡和炎症反应可能引起子宫内膜过度增生，而子宫内膜局部微环境的相关改变也与息肉形成密切相关。同时，代谢综合征相关疾病被证实是子宫内膜息肉复发的独立危险因素。然而，各高危因素与子宫内膜息肉高复发之间的关系及其交互作用仍需大样本多中心研究深入验证和阐明。本文系统阐述相关临床高危因素与子宫内膜息肉复发相关性及其临床高危因素潜在作用机制的最新研究进展，旨在为临床精准预防、早期干预子宫内膜息肉复发提供全面且坚实的理论基础，从而有效降低子宫内膜息肉的复发率，优化患者管理策略，改善预后并提升长期生存质量。