Fabrication of Naturally Derived Fe ₂ TiO ₅ /α‐Fe ₂ O ₃ Added g‐C ₃ N ₄ Ternary Nanocomposite for Improved Visible Light Driven Efficient Photocatalytic H ₂ Evolution

Abstract Hydrogen fuel is a promising future energy source due to its high energy density and environmental sustainability. Photocatalytic water splitting, recognized as a green and economical route, offers an efficient method for hydrogen generation. In this work, a Fe 2 TiO 5 /α‐Fe 2 O 3 /g‐C 3 N 4 (FTG) ternary nanocomposite is synthesized via acid extraction hydrolysis followed by a hydrothermal technique, with varying g‐C 3 N 4 contents to enhance visible‐light activity through a dual charge transfer mechanism. The ternary nanocomposites exhibited excellent UV–vis absorption, strongly influenced by the ligand field transition of Fe 3+ . XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Ti 3+ states, facilitating electron transfer and suppressing recombination. Among the samples, FTG 15 (15 wt.% g‐C 3 N 4 ) achieved the highest hydrogen production rate of 8829 µmol h −1 g cat −1 , a 2.53‐fold improvement over bare Fe 2 TiO 5 . Stability tests showed 80% retention of initial hydrogen yield over four cycles. The photocurrent density of FTG 15 improved by 61% (≈0.018 mA cm −2 at 1.23 V) with a favorable onset potential shift (100 mV). These findings demonstrate that the Fe 2 TiO 5 /α‐Fe 2 O 3 /g‐C 3 N 4 ternary nanocomposite possesses strong visible‐light absorption and enhanced charge separation, making it a promising photocatalyst for sustainable hydrogen production.