Replacement names for junior homonyms in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Replacement names are proposed for 40 unresolved junior species group homonyms in Formicidae (Hymenoptera) as required by ICZN Articles 23 and 60. This effort aims to enhance taxonomic stability and facilitate digital management for ant names. In each case, the junior homonym is considered acceptable and in use. To avoid the creation of unnecessary replacement names, names were not proposed for unresolved junior homonyms in cases where 1) the status of the junior homonym is a junior or senior synonym or unidentifiable; 2) the primary homonym pair have not been regarded as congeneric since 1899; or 3) the congeneric placement of the junior secondary homonym is unreliable. The following new names are introduced to replace existing homonyms: <i>Acromyrmex aurina</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus chucki</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus dorex</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus durnyx</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotites flarex</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus robecchii clyne</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus substitutus cylrix</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Colobopsis breva</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Crematogaster scutellaris gynia</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Dolichoderus thoracicus jexina</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Ectomomyrmex pylixy</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Ectomomyrmex pylor</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Euponera tynara</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Formica lavateri liora</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Formica mytara</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Hypoponera rylin</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Hypoponera veltan</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Lepisiota vynia</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Temnothorax flavispinus novira</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Messor minor nubina</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Messor nuvia</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Pheidole arnoldi qindra</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Pseudoneoponera sublaevis quorra</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Strumigenys wylixa</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus foleyi cybira</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus maculatus brexyl</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus nixra</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Camponotus planus brina</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Carebara dazia</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Carebara xynera</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Colobopsis vitrea yevira</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Formica draven</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Messor draxil</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Pheidole singaporensis zolara</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Pseudolasius zynia</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Tetramorium drunex</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Tetramorium fenix</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Tetramorium flinex</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, <i>Temnothorax fynor</i> <b>nom. nov.</b>, and <i>Tetraponera vantix</i> <b>nom. nov.</b> In addition, <i>Estevia</i> <b>nom. nov.</b> is proposed for the preoccupied genus <i>Wilsonia</i> Hong, 2002. Additional taxonomic changes are presented, including the reinstatement of <i>Tetramorium schultzei</i> Forel, 1910a <b>stat. nov.</b> and the following new combinations: <i>Bothroponera jonesii</i> (Forel, 1891), <b>comb. nov.</b>; <i>Diacamma unicolor</i> (Smith, 1860a), <b>comb. nov.</b>; <i>Pseudoneoponera vidua</i> (Smith, 1857), and <i>Diacamma solitaria</i> (Smith, 1860b), <b>comb. nov</b>.