Effects of allostatic load and cardiovascular risk factors on sleep disturbances

Via allostasis, various physiological systems work together to protect the body amid various stressors. However, the wear and tear of allostatic load (AL) can ultimately predispose an organism to disease. The role of allostatic load in cardiovascular disease has been well-established, but studies have been inconclusive as to the relationship between allostatic load and sleep quality. This study explored the interplay between allostatic load and sleep disturbances. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020 Pre-Pandemic data, statistical analyses were conducted to assess associations between AL and sleep disturbances, including differences across sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Increased AL was associated with increased prevalence of sleep disturbances such as sleep apnea symptoms. Correlations were found between increased AL and certain sociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well. Finally, increased pulse pressure was found to be associated with higher AL and older age. Results supported the idea that sleep quality and duration could be linked to AL physiological regulation and cardiovascular health. It also reinforced the idea that pulse pressure could be an indicator of cardiovascular risk, particularly for older adults. Therefore, sleep disturbances may represent a measurable indicator of AL and associated cardiovascular risk.