Four Birds with One Stone: Enhancing Integrated Current Density beyond 25.5 mA cm ^–2 in Perovskite Solar Cells through Advanced Fabrication Strategies

Perovskite solar technology stands at a pivotal juncture, marked by remarkable efficiencies reaching up to 27.3%. However, these achievements remain confined to a handful of research institutions globally, primarily attributed to the inherent challenge of stabilizing the narrow bandgap structure of FAPbI₃-based perovskite. This study delves into the exploration of various strategies to enhance the performance of FAPbI₃-based perovskite. Specifically, it scrutinizes the impact of substrate selection, annealing processes, additive incorporation, and passivation strategies. Through systematic investigation and meticulous refinement of these key parameters, we were able to obtain optimized device performance with an integrated current density of 25.59 mA cm^-2 and a power conversion efficiency up to 21.86%, starting from a reference device of 23.11 mA cm^-2 and 18.23% values for integrated current density and device efficiency, respectively. This work endeavors to propel the broader adoption and practical realization of high-performance perovskite solar technologies, thereby contributing to the sustainable advancement of renewable energy solutions.