An extended Vinogradov’s mean value theorem

In this paper, we provide novel mean value estimates for exponential sums related to the extended main conjecture of Vinogradov’s mean value theorem, by developing the Hardy-Littlewood circle method together with a refined shifting variables argument. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d greater-than-or-equal-to 2"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d\geq 2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a natural number and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="bold-italic alpha equals left-parenthesis alpha Subscript d Baseline comma ellipsis comma alpha 1 right-parenthesis element-of double-struck upper R Superscript d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic"> α </mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> α </mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> … </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> α </mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\boldsymbol {\alpha }=(\alpha _d,\ldots , \alpha _1)\in \mathbb {R}^d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . Define the exponential sum <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f Subscript d Baseline left-parenthesis bold-italic alpha semicolon upper N right-parenthesis colon-equal sigma-summation Underscript 1 less-than-or-equal-to n less-than-or-equal-to upper N Endscripts e left-parenthesis alpha Subscript d Baseline n Superscript d Baseline plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus alpha 1 n right-parenthesis period"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic"> α </mml:mi> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≔</mml:mo> <mml:munder> <mml:mo> ∑ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo> ≤ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≤ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:munder> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> α </mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> α </mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{equation*} f_d(\boldsymbol {\alpha };N)≔\sum _{1 \leq n \leq N}e(\alpha _d n^d + \cdots + \alpha _1 n). \end{equation*}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </disp-formula> For <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p greater-than 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p&gt;0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , consider mean values of the exponential sums <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper I Subscript p comma d Baseline left-parenthesis u semicolon upper N right-parenthesis colon-equal integral Underscript left-bracket 0 comma 1 right-parenthesis times left-bracket 0 comma upper N Superscript negative u Baseline right-parenthesis times left-bracket 0 comma 1 right-parenthesis Superscript d minus 2 Baseline Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue f Subscript d Baseline left-parenthesis bold-italic alpha semicolon upper N right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue Superscript p Baseline d bold-italic alpha comma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">I</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≔</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo> ∫ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>

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Journal
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Published
2025-10-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/9570
Primary Topic
Analytic Number Theory Research
Type
article
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article

An extended Vinogradov’s mean value theorem

Kiseok Yeon, Changkeun Oh
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Analytic Number Theory Research
article

An extended Vinogradov’s mean value theorem

Kiseok Yeon, Changkeun Oh
article en

Abstract

In this paper, we provide novel mean value estimates for exponential sums related to the extended main conjecture of Vinogradov’s mean value theorem, by developing the Hardy-Littlewood circle method together with a refined shifting variables argument. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d greater-than-or-equal-to 2"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d\geq 2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a natural number and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="bold-italic alpha equals left-parenthesis alpha Subscript d Baseline comma ellipsis comma alpha 1 right-parenthesis element-of double-struck upper R Superscript d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic"> α </mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> α </mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> … </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> α </mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\boldsymbol {\alpha }=(\alpha _d,\ldots , \alpha _1)\in \mathbb {R}^d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . Define the exponential sum <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f Subscript d Baseline left-parenthesis bold-italic alpha semicolon upper N right-parenthesis colon-equal sigma-summation Underscript 1 less-than-or-equal-to n less-than-or-equal-to upper N Endscripts e left-parenthesis alpha Subscript d Baseline n Superscript d Baseline plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus alpha 1 n right-parenthesis period"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic"> α </mml:mi> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≔</mml:mo> <mml:munder> <mml:mo> ∑ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo> ≤ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≤ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:munder> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> α </mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> α </mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{equation*} f_d(\boldsymbol {\alpha };N)≔\sum _{1 \leq n \leq N}e(\alpha _d n^d + \cdots + \alpha _1 n). \end{equation*}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </disp-formula> For <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p greater-than 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p&gt;0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , consider mean values of the exponential sums <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper I Subscript p comma d Baseline left-parenthesis u semicolon upper N right-parenthesis colon-equal integral Underscript left-bracket 0 comma 1 right-parenthesis times left-bracket 0 comma upper N Superscript negative u Baseline right-parenthesis times left-bracket 0 comma 1 right-parenthesis Superscript d minus 2 Baseline Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue f Subscript d Baseline left-parenthesis bold-italic alpha semicolon upper N right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue Superscript p Baseline d bold-italic alpha comma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">I</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≔</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo> ∫ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>

Transactions of the American Mathematical SocietyVol. 379(4)
Seoul National University (KR), National Institute for Mathematical Sciences (KR), University of California, Davis (US)
POSCO TJ Park Foundation, National Research Foundation, Seoul National University, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea, University of California, Davis
Openalex Percentile: Top 63%
Analytic Number Theory Research
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