TDCOSMO 2025: Cosmological constraints from strong lensing time delays

We present cosmological constraints from eight strongly lensed quasars (hereafter, the TDCOSMO-2025 sample). Building on previous work, our analysis incorporated new deflector stellar velocity dispersions measured from spectra obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the Keck Telescopes, and the Very Large Telescope (VLT), utilizing improved methods. We used integrated JWST stellar kinematics for five lenses, VLT-MUSE for 2, and resolved kinematics from Keck and JWST for RX J1131−1231. We also considered two samples of non-time-delay lenses: 11 from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) sample with Keck-KCWI resolved kinematics; and four from the Strong Lenses in the Legacy Survey (SL2S) sample. We improved our analysis of line-of-sight effects, the surface brightness profile of the lens galaxies, and orbital anisotropy, and corrected for projection effects in the dynamics. Our uncertainties are maximally conservative by accounting for the mass-sheet degeneracy in the deflectors’ mass density profiles. The analysis was blinded to prevent experimenter bias. Our primary result is based on the TDCOSMO-2025 sample, in combination with Ω m constraints from the Pantheon+ Type Ia supernovae (SN) dataset. In the flat Λ cold dark matter (CDM), we find H 0 = 71.6 +3.9 −3.3 km s −1 Mpc −1 . The SLACS and SL2S samples are in excellent agreement with the TDCOSMO-2025 sample, improving the precision on H 0 in flat ΛCDM to 4.6%. Using the Dark Energy Survey SN Year-5 dataset (DES-SN5YR) or DESI-DR2 baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) likelihoods instead of Pantheon+ yields very similar results. We also present constraints in the open ΛCDM, w CDM, w 0 w a CDM, and w ϕ CDM cosmologies. The TDCOSMO H 0 inference is robust and consistent across all presented cosmological models, and our cosmological constraints in them agree with those from the BAO and SN.

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Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-10-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555801
Citations
13
Primary Topic
Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
15.01

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article

TDCOSMO 2025: Cosmological constraints from strong lensing time delays

Dominique Sluse, Simon Birrer, Xiang‐Yu Huang, F. Courbin et al.
13 citations
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
15.01
article

TDCOSMO 2025: Cosmological constraints from strong lensing time delays

Dominique Sluse, Simon Birrer, Xiang‐Yu Huang, F. Courbin, Martin Millon, Chin Yi Tan, Chiara Spiniello, Lyne Van de Vyvere, C., Tommaso Treu, Shawn Knabel, William Sheu, Frédéric Dux, Alessandro Sonnenfeld, Michele Cappellari, V. Motta, Kenneth C. Wong, M. Stiavelli, E. Paic, Daniel Gilman, Pritom Mozumdar, A. Galan, H. Lin, Han Wang, Danial Langeroodi, Patrick H. Wells, J. Elizabeth Buckley-Geer, D. Christopher Fassnacht, A. Joshua Frieman
article en
13 citations

Abstract

We present cosmological constraints from eight strongly lensed quasars (hereafter, the TDCOSMO-2025 sample). Building on previous work, our analysis incorporated new deflector stellar velocity dispersions measured from spectra obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the Keck Telescopes, and the Very Large Telescope (VLT), utilizing improved methods. We used integrated JWST stellar kinematics for five lenses, VLT-MUSE for 2, and resolved kinematics from Keck and JWST for RX J1131−1231. We also considered two samples of non-time-delay lenses: 11 from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) sample with Keck-KCWI resolved kinematics; and four from the Strong Lenses in the Legacy Survey (SL2S) sample. We improved our analysis of line-of-sight effects, the surface brightness profile of the lens galaxies, and orbital anisotropy, and corrected for projection effects in the dynamics. Our uncertainties are maximally conservative by accounting for the mass-sheet degeneracy in the deflectors’ mass density profiles. The analysis was blinded to prevent experimenter bias. Our primary result is based on the TDCOSMO-2025 sample, in combination with Ω m constraints from the Pantheon+ Type Ia supernovae (SN) dataset. In the flat Λ cold dark matter (CDM), we find H 0 = 71.6 +3.9 −3.3 km s −1 Mpc −1 . The SLACS and SL2S samples are in excellent agreement with the TDCOSMO-2025 sample, improving the precision on H 0 in flat ΛCDM to 4.6%. Using the Dark Energy Survey SN Year-5 dataset (DES-SN5YR) or DESI-DR2 baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) likelihoods instead of Pantheon+ yields very similar results. We also present constraints in the open ΛCDM, w CDM, w 0 w a CDM, and w ϕ CDM cosmologies. The TDCOSMO H 0 inference is robust and consistent across all presented cosmological models, and our cosmological constraints in them agree with those from the BAO and SN.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 704
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES), University of Copenhagen (DK), Argonne National Laboratory (US), Space Telescope Science Institute (US), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US), Valparaiso University (US), University of Liège (BE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN), ETH Zurich (CH), University of Oxford (GB), University of Chicago (US), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US), Institute of Particle Physics (CA), Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (DE), Institut Català de Ciències del Clima (ES), Astronomy and Space (AU), Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (DE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH), Stony Brook University (US), Technical University of Munich (DE), The University of Tokyo (JP)
National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, W. M. Keck Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Space Telescope Science Institute, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, European Southern Observatory, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Stony Brook University, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
15.01
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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