Observed Trace Mineral Deficiencies in a Group of Locally Harvested Sheep in Hawai’i

Trace minerals (TM) play a critical role in the health and productivity of small ruminants. They are essential for various physiological functions, including growth, reproduction, and immune response, yet research on their status in Hawai'i is notably limited. This study focused on surveying the current trace mineral concentrations of locally raised and harvested sheep to identify common deficiencies and toxicities. Sheep liver (<i>n</i> = 83) and plasma (<i>n</i> = 79) samples were collected over eight months from local harvest facilities and private operations. There was a high percentage of liver samples that were deficient in copper (47%), iron (46%), and cobalt (31%). There was a low percentage of liver samples that were toxic in Mn (11%). Strong positive correlations in plasma zinc and plasma magnesium (<i>r</i> = 0.814, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and liver molybdenum and liver selenium (<i>r</i> = 0.72, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) were found. With this data, local small ruminant producers will be able to evaluate their nutrition management program. Addressing these gaps is vital for conducting future research studies, improving sheep health, and ensuring the productivity of small ruminant operations in Hawai'i.