FDM Process Parameters Impact on Roughness and Dimensional Accuracy of PLA Parts

Interest in research on FDM systems using inexpensive materials like PLA and ABS is constantly increasing. In this regard, the scope of this study is narrowed to exclusively focus on PLA. To improve the surface finish of PLA printed products, it is important to have optimal values of the most important process parameters, notably layer height, temperature, and printing speed. The surface roughness is a critical aspect of additive manufacturing that directly impacts the functionality, aesthetics, and overall performance of printed parts. To accomplish the improvement of surface quality, the statistical method ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is used to analyze data and identify the most relevant process parameters that impact roughness and dimensional precision. The response variables are identified during this study in order to define the optimal printing parameters for improving part quality and ensuring the best surface finishes. Additionally, the dimensional accuracy of the parts is analyzed in order to check the reliability and effectiveness of the optimum parameters. The results are validated through this additional assessment, which also provides insight into the capabilities and limitations of inexpensive FDM machines when the optimized parameters are used. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the significance of enhancing parameters to improve the performance of 3D printed components, providing insightful information about the potential of PLA as an inexpensive material for applications that need both high surface quality and precise dimensional control. According to the analysis, the thickness of the layers and printing speed have a significant role in the roughness for a better desired surface quality.