Faulty Artificial Intelligence, or the Sleep of Reason

<p>This perspective argues that the term “AI hallucination” is a misnomer, contending that large language model errors more closely resemble confabulation — active, fabricated outputs — rather than hallucination, which implies conscious perception.</p>

Authors

Gerald Wiest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-278X)
Oliver Hugh Turnbull (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-4320)

Institutions

Bangor University (GB)
Medical University of Vienna (AT)

Publication Details

Journal: NEJM AI
Published: 2025-10-16
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/aip2500785
Citations: 3
Primary Topic: Hallucinations in medical conditions
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 4.29

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article

Faulty Artificial Intelligence, or the Sleep of Reason

Gerald Wiest, Oliver Hugh Turnbull

Oct 16, 2025

3 citations

NEJM AI

Hallucinations in medical conditions

4.29

article

Faulty Artificial Intelligence, or the Sleep of Reason

Gerald Wiest, Oliver Hugh Turnbull

October 16, 2025article en

3 citations

Abstract

NEJM AIVol. 2(11)

Bangor University (GB), Medical University of Vienna (AT)

Openalex Percentile: Top 5%

Hallucinations in medical conditions

4.29

DOI Open Access PDF OpenAlex

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Faulty Artificial Intelligence, or the Sleep of Reason — Gerald Wiest, Oliver Hugh Turnbull · NEJM AI (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS