The gender gap in the care economy is larger in highly developed countries: Sociocultural explanations for paradoxical findings.
Authors
- Dana Gavreliuc (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-578X)
- Rita Anne McNamara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-768X)
- Tabea Häßler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-2423)
- Abiy Menkir Gizaw (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-0977)
- Roberto González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0471-8047)
- Vladimíra Čavojová
- Christina Lapytskaia Aidy
- Emma A. Renström (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-2464)
- Adriana L. Germano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-2466)
- Janine Bosak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5701-6538)
- Sarah E. Martiny (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-2122)
- Jennifer R. Steele (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-0446)
- Maria I. T. Olsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-6909)
- Samir Qouta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-9664)
- Sanne Van Grootel
- Toni Schmader (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-7483)
- David Haruna Mrisho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-3865)
- Isaac David Grijalva
- TamilSelvan Ramis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-984X)
- Lianne Aarntzen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-8123)
- Adil Samekin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-1944)
- Thierry Devos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4546-7555)
- Isabelle Régner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2256-139X)
- Teri A. Kirby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-7027)
- Nilanjana Dasgupta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-6066)
- Nitya Rani
- Rasa Erentaitė (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-637X)
- Eunsoo Choi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-8288)
- Sabine Sczesny (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1666-1263)
- Federica Spaccatini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7472-9089)
- Renzo Gismondi Diaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-0265)
- Natasza Kosakowska‐Berezecka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3503-3921)
- Derya Güngör (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-2819)
- Carlos C. Contreras‐Ibáñez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-2587)
- Filiz Künüroğlu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-6200)
- Ines Sučić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-3660)
- Maria Giuseppina Pacilli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-6961)
- Jacques Berent (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-2664)
- Nada Pop‐Jordanova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-8558)
- Vanessa Smith‐Castro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-4223)
- Soledad de Lemus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-9446)
- Sabine Otten (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5369-7241)
- Amanda B. Diekman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-3974)
- Alba Jasini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-2370)
- Denisa Fedáková (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-1802)
- Fridanna Maricchiolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-6609)
- Carolin Scheifele (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-4810)
- Marion K. Schulmeyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-0656)
- Edona Maloku (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-8671)
- Marwan Diab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-2224)
- Ilan Dar‐Nimrod (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-3673)
- Joel Anderson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-2003)
- Narseta Mickuvienė (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7287-2639)
- Julija Gečaitė-Stončienė (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-1402)
- María Isabel Miranda‐Orrego (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-2381)
- Inna Kozytska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-4683)
- Alyson Meister (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-9969)
- Liany Luzvinda
- Tizita Lemma Melka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-3101)
- Levke Henningsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-804X)
- Wilson López‐López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2964-0402)
- Iris Žeželj (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-1406)
- Joseph A. Vandello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-4002)
- Jana Nikitin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1642-154X)
- Rim Saab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4600-3752)
- Mare Ainsaar
- Ciara Atkinson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-7883)
- Tania Esmeralda Rocha-Sánchez
- Léïla Eisner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-1659)
- Alyssa Croft (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-3573)
- Keiko Ishii
- Diala R. Hawi
- Lyudmila Gitikhmayeva
- Delphine Martinot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7216-9209)
- Ana Perandrés‐Gómez
- Melanie C. Steffens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7915-3629)
- Ivan Danyliuk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-5994)
- Eva Vives (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-848X)
- James Morandini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-4571)
- Andrew N. Coogan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-0240)
- Molly Shuyi Sun
- Jennifer K. Bosson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-1078)
- Marie Gustafsson Sendén (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-2894)
- Jon Pizarro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-2281)
- Leire Gartzia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-3888)
- Alin Gavreliuc (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-0327)
- Renata Franc (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-2393)
- Melissa Vink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8393-368X)
- Yoko Kitakaji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-9890)
- Magdalena Adamus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-0415)
- Laura Maria Velásquez‐Díaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-3459)
- Kaltrina Kelmendi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-1415)
- Bushra Hassan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-6060)
- Joanna Pyrkosz‐Pacyna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9112-8629)
- Omar Martínez González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3438-4500)
- Turuwark Zalalam Warkineh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8121-0007)
- Incheol Choi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-9085)
- David Sirlopú (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-1734)
- Xian Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-7420)
- Monica Biernat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-7050)
- Andreea Georgiana Bîrneanu
- Elizabeth Page‐Gould (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-042X)
- Hilary B. Bergsieker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-3295)
- Tatiana Ryabichenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4518-5769)
- Colette van Laar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-1242)
- Kadri Soo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-9298)
- Carolin Schuster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-8565)
- Adrian Rivera‐Rodriguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-2108)
- Biljana Gjoneska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-6672)
- Tessa Benson‐Greenwald (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6256-0981)
- Ilaria Giovannelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-5877)
- Eva Kundtová Klocová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-2381)
- Clara Kulich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-2128)
- Katharina Block (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-4531)
- Przemysław Bąbel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0578-1013)
- Jurgita Jurkevičienė (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-6147)
- Blerta Bodinaku (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7988-1290)
- Markus Barth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6544-6754)
- Julius Burkauskas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-2151)
- Kiriko Sakata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-1306)
- Ivana Jakšić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-2790)
- Marija Branković (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-363X)
- Sapna Cheryan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0576-9199)
- Sandrine Redersdorff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2899)
- Thadeus Mkamwa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-1010)
- Annedore Hoppe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4708-3301)
- Charles Harb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3958-0092)
- Loes Meeussen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-4788)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-4415)
- Albert Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-181X)
- William M. Hall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-5511)
- Maria Efremova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-1451)
- S. Wee
- Mohamad Avicenna
- Tracy Sánchez‐Pachecho
- Thomas A. Morton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0774-6524)
- Anja Eller
- Anna Eneroth
Institutions
- L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (KZ)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (RU)
- Roma Tre University (IT)
- International Islamic University, Islamabad (PK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- International Institute for Management Development (CH)
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LT)
- Universidad de Deusto (ES)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Kansas (US)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- University of Kaiserslautern (DE)
- Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta (ID)
- Rochester Institute of Technology (US)
- National University of Ireland, Maynooth (IE)
- St. Augustine University of Tanzania (TZ)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Osnabrück University (DE)
- Kaunas University of Technology (LT)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MK)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- Islamic University of Gaza (PS)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Brock University (CA)
- Lund University (SE)
- Fanshawe College (CA)
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (UA)
- York University (CA)
- Kristianstad University (SE)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Korea University (KR)
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (MX)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Hochschule Bielefeld (DE)
- Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK)
- Masaryk University (CZ)
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (CO)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University (TR)
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- University of South Florida (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Doha Institute for Graduate Studies (QA)
- West University of Timişoara (RO)
- San Sebastián University (CL)
- Universidad de Costa Rica (CR)
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (EC)
- University of Gdańsk (PL)
- University of Belgrade (RS)
- Victoria University of Wellington (NZ)
- Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra (BO)
- Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (NO)
- Northwestern University (PH)
- Clinical Research Organization (BD)
- Ohio University (US)
- Victoria University (UG)
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive (FR)
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (FR)
- University of Inland Norway (NO)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Department of Social Sciences (RU)
- Maqsut Narikbayev University (KZ)
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology (CZ)
- Institute of Social Sciences (RU)
- Division of Human Resource Management (US)
- Office of Diversity and Inclusion (US)
- Eko-Energia (Poland) (PL)
- University of Tartu (EE)
- Bahir Dar University (ET)
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Geneva College (US)
- University of Tirana (AL)
- University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern (DE)
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- University of Prishtina (XK)
- Singapore Management University (SG)
- IT University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Sunway University (MY)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- American University of Beirut (LB)
- KU Leuven (BE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2025-10-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001512
- Primary Topic
- Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Canada Research Chairs
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja
- Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV
- National Research University Higher School of Economics
- Masarykova Univerzita
- Jilin Office of Philosophy and Social Science
- Universidad de Deusto
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Economic and Social Research Council
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation
- Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias