A comprehensive review on polymer degradation: Mechanisms, environmental implications, and sustainable mitigation strategies

Polymers are essential materials in modern society, yet their degradation poses significant environmental challenges. This study explores various polymer degradation mechanisms, including thermal, photodegradation, oxidative, hydrolytic, and biodegradation. The environmental implications of polymer degradation, such as microplastic pollution, ecosystem disruption, health risks, and contributions to climate change, are discussed in detail. Sustainable strategies for managing polymer degradation are examined, with a focus on biodegradable polymers, recycling approaches, polymer stabilization technologies, and biological degradation methods. A conceptual framework illustrating these strategies is provided to emphasize the need for an integrated approach. The study also addresses key findings, challenges in polymer degradation research, future directions, and policy considerations. This research highlights the urgency of implementing sustainable polymer management practices to mitigate environmental impact and promote circular economy principles