Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Composite from PLA and Sugarcane Bagasse

This project focuses on developing and characterizing a sustainable bio composite made from polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with sugarcane bagasse fibers. These composites enhance mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, and thermal resistance compared to pure PLA, making them suitable for applications like packaging, automotive parts, and disposable tableware. Bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane processing, adds value by utilizing agricultural waste, reducing costs, and promoting resource efficiency. PLA, a biodegradable thermoplastic from renewable sources like corn starch and sugarcane, has a lower carbon footprint than petroleum-based plastics. However, its limitations, such as low thermal stability and brittleness, restrict its use in high-temperature or high-stress environments. Reinforcing PLA with natural fillers like sugarcane bagasse can improve mechanical strength, flexibility, and heat resistance while maintaining biodegradability. A 3D model of a standard tensile test specimen was scaled and simulated to evaluate the effect of bagasse fiber reinforcement. The results showed that adding bagasse fibers improved tensile strength and stiffness. Sugarcane bagasse was processed, treated, and incorporated into a PLA matrix using melt blending followed by compression moulding. Mechanical properties were analyzed through impact and tensile testing, revealing that 15 wt.% treated bagasse fibers enhanced tensile strength with a slight reduction in impact strength, but remained comparable to neat PLA. These findings demonstrate that properly treated bagasse fibers can effectively reinforce PLA, creating bio composites with superior mechanical performance while maintaining biodegradability. This project contributes to sustainable material development by utilizing agricultural waste to enhance biodegradable polymers for environmentally conscious applications.