Intranasal delivery of DPSC-derived small extracellular vesicles-encased phloroglucinol attenuates non-motor and motor deficits and promotes neurogenesis in an in vivo rat model of Parkinson’s disease

This study provides the first instance of using DPSC-derived sEV as a delivery vehicle for phloroglucinol in a PD model. sEV-Phl demonstrated significant neuroprotective-effects, enhanced DA-neuron survival and neurogenesis, and reduced neuroinflammation. Intranasal delivery of sEV-Phl represents a promising non-invasive therapeutic strategy for PD, offering a dual benefit of antioxidative and neurogenic support.