MULTIPURPOSE STRUCTURES FOR PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION DURING WAR

The article considers the problem of the possibility of arranging shelters in the conditions of modern urban development due to the increased probability of various explosive attacks in our time. Providing the population with shelters can be solved by building (organizing) multifunctional buildings, in other words, organizing shelters in underground parking lots (ground floors). The parking area is more than sufficient to accommodate all residents, taking into account existing standards. The condition of having at least two entrances (exits), including an emergency one, is also met. The most sensitive structural elements of the building are highlighted, such as columns and beams, floor slabs, lintels and, accordingly, their rigid connections. To ensure a rigid connection of floor slabs and columns, it is necessary to provide additional reinforcement in the form of reinforcing ties (rods, sheets, plates, ropes, etc.). Such solutions improve the reduction of the risk of structural failure after an explosive impact, which helps to save buildings from destruction. As an alternative, the protection of the main load-bearing elements of the structure is proposed to increase the rigidity of their connections with additional polymer materials, for example, carbon fiber. The main advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of using this function of reinforcing the structure with a composite material both at the design stage and during the operation of already constructed buildings due to the technology of arranging such connections and the shape of the proposed material. The components of the composite material (fibers and hardener) are durable and have high reliability when perceiving loads that are repeatedly repeated. To reduce the cost of the structure, it can be replaced with other polymer composite materials, for example, fiberglass (including fiberglass anisotropic materials) and others. Thus, the proposed approaches allow adapting objects of modern urban development to new challenges, increasing the safety of the population and preserving the housing stock even in emergency situations.