IDENTIFICAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO AUDITIVA DO RECÉM-NASCIDO E DA CRIANÇA – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

ABSTRACT Head trauma, especially basal skull and temporal bone fractures requiring hospitalization. Chemotherapy. Newborn hearing screening (HT) has been described as the primary tool for diagnosing and treating hearing loss in the first months of life, as it aims to identify newborns likely to have a hearing impairment at birth. To identify all newborns with hearing loss, universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) is necessary, since 50% of hearing-impaired newborns will not be identified if the criterion for the presence of a risk factor for hearing loss is adopted, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. However, risk-based hearing screening can be the starting point for the gradual implementation of universal hearing screening over a maximum period of three years. The test to be used must be rapid, easy to perform, and have high sensitivity and specificity, which will reflect the program’s cost effectiveness. Currently, non-invasive tests that measure the physiological activity of auditory system structures are used, such as otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and automated brainstem auditory evoked potentials (aABR). Generally, evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOEs) are collected in the external auditory canal using a probe that measures the responses of the cochlear outer hair cells after stimulation by a sound stimulus (clicks or pure tones). Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (ABRs) are obtained using surface electrodes that measure the electrical activity of the auditory nerve and brainstem auditory pathways in response to a sound stimulus, typically presented through headphones.Keywords: Auditory identification in children, Neonatal screening, newborn hearing, hearing examination, childhood deafness.