A high efficiency active X2G boost converter with hybrid optimized proportional integral controller for PV powered EV charging applications

Photovoltaic (PV) integration with Electric Vehicles (EV) plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainable transportation and fostering clean energy ecosystems. However, the development of high-efficiency, high-gain power converters and robust control strategies remains a critical challenge. This paper presents an innovative approach to enhancing PV based EV charging systems through the development of a novel Active X²G Boost Converter, which uniquely integrates a quasi Z-source network (qZSN) with a voltage multiplier stage in a single-switch configuration. This design significantly improves voltage gain, energy conversion efficiency and reduces component stress, addressing key limitations in existing converter topologies. A standout feature of the proposed system is the implementation of a Hybrid Siberian Tiger-Meerkat Optimized Proportional-Integral (HSTM-PI) controller, a newly introduced metaheuristic control strategy that blends the global search capability of Meerkat Optimization Algorithm (MOA) with local refinement strength of the Siberian Tiger Optimization (STO). This hybridization ensures faster convergence, enhanced dynamic voltage regulation and greater control robustness under fluctuating solar and load circumstances. The system also incorporates a bidirectional converter, battery storage, and grid synchronization through a three-phase inverter. Comprehensive mathematical modelling, MATLAB simulation and experimental validation confirm the system's effectiveness, achieving a notable 96% efficiency, outperforming conventional designs in both regulation precision and operational reliability.