Stem Cell Therapy Advancements for Improved Dental Implant Osseointegration and Peri-implant Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review

IntroductIonDental implants have revolutionized restorative dentistry, providing a durable solution for tooth loss and edentulous cases.In the 1960s, Professor PI Branemark discovered the phenomenon of direct boneto-implant contact (BIC), which he identified as "osseointegration," laying the groundwork for modern implant dentistry. 1,2sseointegration refers to the direct structural and functional connection between implant surface and surrounding bone, which enhances durability, implant stability, and functional integrity.Successful osseointegration depends on various factors, including bone quality, implant surface properties, and host response.However, in cases of poor bone quality or compromised healing capacity, achieving optimal osseointegration can be challenging. 3n addition to osseointegration, peri-implant tissue regeneration is crucial for maintaining the health and longevity of dental implants.The peri-implant environment consists of both hard (bone) and soft (gingival) tissues that support and protect the implant.Insufficient peri-implant bone regeneration can lead to implant failure, while inadequate soft tissue healing may result in peri-implantitis, a major cause of implant loss.To address these challenges, regenerative approaches, including the use of growth factors, biomaterials, and stem cell therapy, have been explored to enhance bone and soft tissue healing around implants.