Management of Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse: Potential Impact and Current Evidence

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), also known as floppy mitral valve syndrome, systolic click-murmur syndrome, and billowing mitral leaflets, is a developmental anomaly caused when one or two abnormal valve leaflets are displaced into the left atrium below the mitral valve annulus during systole. MVP is observed in 2-3% of patients in the general population and is the leading cause of mitral regurgitation (MR) in developed countries. Overall, MVP is considered a benign developmental anomaly; however, evidence suggests that MVP is associated with sudden cardiac death. Thus, there have been ongoing discussions about the optimal management of this patient group, which includes both pharmacological treatment and surgical interventions. This review aimed to provide an overview of the benign and arrhythmic MVP (AMVP), its diagnostic options, and management possibilities.