Exploring aroma profiles of <i>gardenia jasminoides</i> flowers and leaves by HS-gC-MS

The aroma characteristics of flowers and leaves from <i>G. jasminoides</i> were comprehensively explored using HS-GC-MS technology, coupled to relative odour activity value (rOAV) determination and PCA analysis. A total of 116 volatiles were identified in <i>G. jasminoides</i>, with 71 common volatiles detected in both the leaves (GJ-L) and flowers (GJ-F). Alkenes were found to be the most abundant volatiles in both samples, both in terms of quantity and relative abundance. Notably, 2,3-butanedione (rOAV = 100) was identified as the key contributor to buttery aroma in GJ-F, while 3-methylbutanal (rOAV = 100) was the principal contributor to fruity odour in GJ-L. PCA further revealed significant differences in the aroma characteristics between GJ-F and GJ-L. This study enhances our understanding of the volatile compositions and odour characteristics of different parts (flowers and leaves) of <i>G. jasminoides</i>, providing a theoretical basis for the development and utilisation of products derived from <i>G. jasminoides</i>.