Associations of obesity-related mammary intraductal secretions with inflammatory severity, immune dysregulation, and adverse prognosis in non-puerperal mastitis: a retrospective cohort study

This study demonstrates that obesity-related IDS are significantly associated with increased systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and unfavorable prognostic outcomes in NPM. The identification of IDS provides valuable insight for risk stratification and supports the development of personalized management strategies. Overweight and obesity were identified as independent risk factors for IDS, highlighting weight control as a potential therapeutic approach. Future investigations should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms and exploring targeted therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes.