A systematic review of data analytics adoption in faith-based universities in Kenya

This study presents a systematic literature review examining the adoption of data analytics in Faith-Based Universities (FBUs) in Kenya, with emphasis on the role of human capital development (HCD) and institutional readiness. Anchored on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Institutional Theory, the review synthesized evidence from sixty peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025. Guided by PRISMA protocols and quality-appraised using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), the analysis applied thematic synthesis to capture enablers, barriers, and institutional impacts. Findings reveal that FBUs remain at an early stage of adoption compared to public and private secular universities, constrained by infrastructural deficits, limited digital literacy, financial challenges, and theological caution. Leadership commitment, investment in ICT infrastructure, and cross-institutional collaborations emerged as key enablers, while human capital development was identified as a cornerstone for sustainable adoption. Evidence shows that where analytics were successfully integrated, FBUs experienced gains in student monitoring, institutional planning, regulatory compliance, and governance transparency, especially when aligned with faith-based missions and values. The review concludes that advancing analytics adoption in FBUs requires embedding data use into strategic plans, scaling continuous staff training, and fostering evidence-based cultures that harmonize technological innovation with institutional identity.