Natural product-based interventions for thyroid disorders: mechanisms and applications

Thyroid diseases are widespread endocrine disorders that affect a significant portion of the global population. The pathology associated with specific types or stages of thyroid disease is complex and intricately linked to various biological functions. While the mortality rate associated with thyroid dysfunction is relatively low, it can lead to metabolic and immunological disorders that result in considerable discomfort for affected individuals. Currently, numerous pharmaceutical options are available for managing thyroid disease; however, issues such as drug toxicity and prolonged treatment durations highlight the urgent need for more effective alternatives. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive literature search to explore the use of herbs and herbal formulations in the treatment of thyroid diseases. Our findings underscore the potential of these natural remedies in drug discovery efforts. It is evident that further scientific investigation into the mechanisms of action of these medicinal plants is crucial for validating their traditional applications. By enhancing our understanding of how these natural products function, we can pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies that may improve outcomes for individuals suffering from thyroid disorders.