Synergistic Enhancement of the Hydrophobicity and Output Performance in the Triboelectric Layer via Multiple Facile Strategies

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have emerged as a promising solution for harvesting mechanical energy from the environment, enabling the development of self-powered electronics and sensing systems. However, the performance of the TENG remains limited in complex operational environments due to the intrinsic material properties of triboelectric layers and the constraints of surface structural design. Herein, a triboelectric layer termed FCGFPI FMs was engineered with integrated hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and self-cleaning capabilities to enhance surface functionality and environmental adaptability. The triboelectric layer was based on graphene (GE)-doped polyimide (PI), designed to enhance dielectric properties and simultaneously tailor the surface microstructure through a combination of micrometer-scale patterning via near-field electrospinning (NFES) technology and nanoscale structuring via tannic acid (TA)–3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coating modification. Meanwhile, the electrical output performance of the TENG prepared with the FCGFPI FMs was further improved by employing a simple charge injection treatment. Hence, the TENG exhibited outstanding cycle stability (10 000 cycles) and could be used to supply power to 160 commercial LEDs in series and drive a hygrometer. Even under high humidity conditions, the TENG successfully harvested mechanical energy from human motion, highlighting the capability of FCGFPI FMs to maintain performance in complex environments.