Study of 0+ States in Nuclei Including Spin-Orbit Forces

The excitation of 0 + states in direct (p,t) nuclear reactions is investigated with consideration of the spin-orbit interaction.The energies of 0 + states and the cross sections of (p, t) reactions for selected isotopes of samarium (Sm) and gadolinium (Gd) have been studied.The spin-orbit force influences the energies of excited 0 + states by altering the nuclear density distribution, contributing to configuration mixing, and affecting the overall nuclear shape.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the energies of the lowest 0 + than the corresponding experimental values.Furthermore, the spin-orbit interaction leads to an increase in the effective cross sections observed in (p, t) reactions.