Optimizing solar-wind-biomass-hydrogen hybrid renewable energy system for Ly-Son island

This study investigates various configurations of Solar–Wind–Biomass–Hydrogen Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (SWBH-HRES) for Ly Son Island. Using HOMER Pro software, the analysis identifies an optimal configuration consisting of 8 kW of photovoltaic panels, a 6 kW wind turbine, a 3.5 kW syngas generator, and a 10 kW electrolyzer. Scheduled generator operation produces 56,524 kWh of electricity and 942 kg of hydrogen annually, which outperforms the automatic control strategy, yielding only 50,423 kWh and 835 kg, respectively. The SWBH-HRES enhances energy utilization efficiency, resulting in only 1.6% excess electricity, compared to 18.3% in systems without hydrogen production. The initial capital cost is USD 19,268 for systems incorporating hydrogen production and USD 17,718 for systems without it. Hydrogen-producing systems become economically favorable at USD 5.0-5.5/kg, yielding USD 36,000 profit. Environmentally, these systems reduce GHG emissions up to 6.58 kg CO₂-eq/kWh.