Review of Current and Emerging Analytical Methods for the Testing of Edible Oil for Authenticity

This project aimed to identify and review current and emerging methods to detect adulteration in edible oils, focusing on issues relevant to UK consumers and the economy. The study involved a comprehensive literature review, stakeholder engagement, and consultation of proficiency testing and HorizonScan™ data to assess future risks. The review covered rapid screening methods, mainly spectroscopic, and confirmatory techniques such as fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiling. Many approaches are still under development and lack thorough validation. A key challenge is the increasing sophistication of fraud within the supply chain, with businesses often relying on proprietary protocols, which hampers standardisation. The report recommends addressing the lack of standardisation and regulation in edible oil testing, investment in widespread testing and point-of-use methods, and developing confirmatory techniques. Spectroscopy methods like Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman show promise for rapid, low-cost testing, while triacylglycerol analysis could serve as a confirmatory method for laboratories. Authentic certified reference materials are also essential to support quality control and encourage proficiency testing uptake. These recommendations aim to enhance consumer safety, food authenticity, and trust in the food supply chain by improving the detection and prevention of edible oil adulteration.