GENDER INSTABILITY AND SUBVERSION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL POWER STRUCTURES IN NADIA HASHIMI’S THE PEARL THAT BROKE ITS SHELL

This study applies Butler’s theory of gender performativity in The Pearl That Broke Its Shell by Nadia Hashimi. Butler claims that gender is not something biological rather a performance individuals do through repeated actions and behaviors. These actions are shaped by socio-cultural norms, societal expectations, and language. By applying Butler’s theory, this study examines how characters in in this novel question the traditional view of gender identity through their actions, behaviors, and daily activities. Characters like Shekiba and Rahima struggle against the patriarchal domination in Afghanistan, mainly through a shift in their gender roles. Rahima takes on masculine roles through a cultural practice of bacha posh. She gains access to educations, public places, markets and even earns for her family despite being a girl. Similarly, Shekiba adopts male duties and responsibilities after the death of her family members. Later in her life, she is even forced to work as a palace guard. This study uses a qualitative method of textual analysis focusing on characters’ actions, behaviors and gender roles.