Nomadic Lactobacilli as cell factory for antibiofilm therapy

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by <i>Candida albicans</i> that presents an escalating threat to humans. Lactobacilli may play a critical role in maintaining microbiome balance in the gut and vagina as well as limiting fungal colonization, including <i>C. albicans.</i> Certain Lactobacilli, classified as nomadic groups is gaining immense popularity in antifungal defense due to its unique morphological adaptations. One significant adaptation is the V-shaped cell chaining observed under low pH conditions governed by the LuxS-mediated quorum-sensing system. This structural adaptation potentiates altered secondary metabolite secretion. These geometric forms are not solely survival responses but reflect a structurally coordinated strategy that enhances both antibiofilm and antihyphal activities. In this perspective, we argue that morphology-driven transitions identify nomadic Lactobacilli as a promising frontier in probiotic therapy. By shifting from conventional probiotic formulations to structured microbial interventions, we propose the development of novel sustainable therapeutics for anticandidal therapy.