Electromagnetic Interference Incidents and Compatibility Assurance in Nuclear Power Plants: A Review of Challenges and Preventive Measures

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is a critical qualification parameter for safety-related Instrumentation and Control (I&C) systems in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Disruptions in system performance caused by Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), or power surges can pose serious risks to plant safety and reliability. In recent years, the growing use of microprocessor-based devices, high-frequency circuits, and low-power transmitters has increased the occurrence and severity of EMC issues in NPPs. Studies and operational events have demonstrated the vulnerability of both analog and digital safety systems to EMI/RFI, reaffirming the importance of robust EMC practices. This paper highlights the significance of EMI/EMC in nuclear safety and reviews recent incidents in NPPs linked to electromagnetic disturbances.